Central Government Departments
Opportunities of Petrochemical DepartmentOPPORTUNITIES IN PETROCHEMICALS 1. The demand of commodity polymers in the current financial year i.e. 2002-03 is expected to exceed domestic availability. The domestic demand of polyethylenes and PVC would outstrip the domestic production. In case of polypropylene demand would almost match. Only in case of polystyrene the country will experience surplus situation for some time. Demand of synthetic fibres too would exceed domestic availability. Considering that the demand of polymers are projected to grow at about 10 % in the Xth Plan and of synthetic fibres at about 6 %. There is an opportunity for investment in petrochemicals. VISION 3. The present domestic petrochemical industry is on the threshold of the take off stage and given a proper direction and support, it can grow in a robust manner and have effective presence in the international market. The Plastics, fibres and rubber industry could also provide driving force for the development of the downstream processing sector and providing employment and growth opportunities. 4. Keeping the aforementioned objective in view, the mission for the petrochemical industry in the next decade is identified as: i) Global competitiveness in the regime of reduced tariffs ii) Environmentally responsible (following the principle of sustainable development) iii) Quality consciousness iv) Research and Development orientation 5. It is envisaged that the per capita consumption of plastics and synthetic fibres would reach a level of about 6 kgs and 3 kgs respectively by 2007 (end of Xth Five year plan) and to be among the top 3 consumers in the World in respect of plastics and synthetic fibres by 2010. Increase in the level of exports to US $ 2 billion by 2005 and 4 billion in 2010.
Policy of Petrochemical DepartmentPolicy Parameters III.1 Industrial Policy The New Industrial Policy announced on 24th July 1991 exempts industrial undertaking from licensing requirements, subject to the following conditions. The proposed article(s) of manufacture is/are not included in: · List of items reserved for the public sector; B. Locational Policy: The proposed project is not located within 25 kms of the standard urban area limits of a city with a population of more than 10 lakhs according to 1991 census. This condition will not apply, provided these are located within the area designated as “Industrial Area” by the State Government before July 25, 1991. If the unit is proposed to be located in a restricted location industrial license may have to be obtained. For following petrochemicals, industrial license is required: 281119.01 Hydro cyanic acid and its derivatives. {This includes Arcylonitrile (ACN), Methyl Metha Acrylate (MMA) and Poly Methyl Metha Acrylate (PMMA) etc.}. 281210.01 Phosgene and its derivatives. (This includes Polycarbonate) 292910.09 Isocynate and di-isocyanates of hydrocarbon not elsewhere specified (example Methyl isocyanate) III.2 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Policy The procedure has been simplified for facilitating foreign direct investment. Petrochemical items / activities except the following fall under the RBI automatic approval route for FDI/NRI/OCB investment upto 100 %. i) All proposals that require an industrial licence which includes (1) the item requiring an industrial licence under the I(D&R) Act 1951. 2) foreign investment being more than 24% in the equity capital of units manufacturing items reserved for small scale industries; and all items which require an industrial Licence in terms of the locational policy notified by Government under the New Industrial Policy of 1991. ii) All proposals in which the foreign collaborator has previous venture/tie up in India. The modalities prescribed in Press Note No. 18 dated 14.12.1998 of 1998 series, shall apply to such cases. iii) All proposals relating to acquisition of existing shares in an Indian company in favour of a foreign/NRI/OCB investor. iv) All proposals falling outside notified sectoral policy/caps or under sectors in which FDI is not permitted. For other industries, Government approval is accorded through Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB). The Guidelines for trading activity have been laid down at S.No 8 of Annexture IV - Sector Specific Guidelines for Foreign Direct Investment.
Products of Petrochemical DepartmentII. PRODUCT GROUPS II.1. Manufacturing of Building Blocks i. Naphtha/Gas cracker with down streams processing to produce Ethylene; Propylene, Butadiene, etc. II.2. Building Blocks to i. Polymers (LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE, PP, PVC, Polystyrene, ABS, Engineering Polymers, Performance Polymers etc.) And Intermediates (EDC/VCM, Styrene, etc.) II.3. Fibre intermediate to Synthetic Fibres (PSF, PFY, NFY, NIY, AF etc.) II.4. Polymers to Plastic processed articles.
Introduction to Petrochemical Industry1. The domestic petrochemical industry has been growing at the rate of 14-15%, which is more than double the growth rate of GDP. The consumption of commodity plastics and synthetic fibres during 2001-02 were 3.8 million tonnes and 1.65 million tonnes respectively. The capacity additions which had taken place during the IXth five year plan (1996-97 to 2001-02) has reduced import dependency of petrochemicals considerably and at present there is a exportable surplus in Polyethylene and Polystrene. Despite very high growth in demand of petrochemicals, the per capita consumption is still much below the world average. 2. Presently there are eight cracker complexes in operation with combined ethylene capacity of about 2.4 million tonnes per annum. In addition, there are four aromatic complexes namely, Bongaigaon Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd., IPCL and RIL (two complexes) in operation with a combined Xylene capacity of about 1.8 million tonnes. 3. The current capacities of Polymers, Synthetic Fibre, Elastomers and Surfactants Intermediates. 4. The production and consumption of major petrochemicals namely polymers, synthetic fibre and surfactants. 5. The downstream processing sector of Petrochemical industry is fragmented. Plastic processing industry comprises tiny, small, medium and large scale units spread throughout the country. There are about 19,000 units, which consumed 3 million tonnes of virgin commodity plastics in 1999-2000. The industry also consumes recycled plastic, which constitutes about 30 % of total consumption. About 70-80% of the plastic processing units are in small- scale sector, which account for about 20-25 % of the total polymer in small scale sector, which account for about 20-25 % of total consumption. The capacity utilisation of the plastic processing sector is about 60%. 6. There are about 2000 fibre processors, of which 80% are in SSI sector. Total consumption is 1500 kilo tonnes of fibre/yarn. 7. There are also about 1000 Surfactant processors, majority of which (90%) are operating in SSI sector. However, SSI Sector accounts for only 10% of total consumption. The estimated consumption of surfactants is about 400 kilo tonnes.
Lisencing and FDI Policy of Pharmaceutical Department1. Industrial Licensing Industrial licensing for all bulk drugs cleared by Drug Controller General(India), all their intermediates and formulations has been abolished, subject to stipulations laid down from time to time in the Industrial Policy, except in the cases of i) bulk drugs produced by the use of recombinant DNA technology, ii) bulk drugs requiring in-vivo use of nucleic acids as the active principles, and iii) specific cell/tissue targeted formulations. 2. Foreign Direct Investment Foreign Direct Investment upto 100% is permitted, subject to stipulations laid down from time to time in the Industrial Policy, through the automatic route in the case of all bulk drugs cleared by Drug Controller General (India), all their intermediates and formulations, except those, referred to in para 1 above, kept under industrial licensing. 3. Foreign Technology Agreements
Pharmaceutical Export Promotion CellThe Export Promotion Cell in the Pharmaceutical Division acts as a nodal agency in the matters related to export of pharmaceuticals. In order to give adequate attention to day-to-day problems faced by the exporters, the Cell interacts with various Ministries/Departments and our Missions abroad. The Cell also collects statistical data on export and import of pharmaceuticals in the country and provides commercially useful information on developing and increasing drugs and pharmaceutical exports. The Cell has also been entrusted with organisation of seminars and workshops on standards, quality control requirements etc. of important countries so as to prepare domestic companies for exporting their products. The Cell communicates with Indian Missions abroad to collect information related to pharmaceutical industry in these countries such as, status of the pharmaceutical industry, details of documentation, guidelines for licensing of pharmaceutical companies as well as registration for medicines, details of pharmaceutical market with information on local production, demographic data, details of health care system, health indicators and prevalent disease pattern, details of imports of pharmaceuticals of these countries, details of joint venture units for pharmaceuticals operating in these countries etc. The information so collected is passed on to the industry/exporters for boosting pharmaceutical exports. The Cell administers two Joint Working Groups namely, Indo Tunisia Joint working group on Drug & pharmaceuticals and Indo-Belarusian Joint Working Group on Drugs and Healthcare. These two Working Groups are co-chaired by Secretary (C&PC) from the Indian side. TUNISIA VISIT The 2nd meeting of the India-Tunisia Joint Working Group on the Drugs & Pharmaceuticals was held on April 5, 2005 and thereafter on April, 8, 2005 in Tunis. A Buyer-Seller meet was also organized on April, 6, 2005. After detailed discussions on these issues in the Agenda, both sides agreed on the following issues:- 1. Supply opportunities and the tie-ups in the case of Active pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) and formulations between Tunisian and Indian companies. 2. Registration of Indian medicines. 3. Technology cooperation between Tunisian and Indian Pharma Companies. 4. Cooperation in manufacturing through Joint Ventures. 5. Cooperation in the field of Human Resource development and training. 6. Cooperation in using testing facilities at NIPER. 7. Cooperation in the field of Biotechnology. 8. Participation in the Trade Fares and Exhibitions. 9. MOU between Pharmexcil and National Chamber of Drug Industries in Tunisia.
Small Scale Units in Drugs and PharmaceuticalsThe present investment limit for units to qualify as a small-scale unit is Rs.1 crore. However, the Government has raised this limit to Rs. 5.00 crores in case of some specified products. These include the following drugs & pharmaceutical products, which are reserved for exclusive manufacture by the small-scale units: 1. Nicotinic Acid/Niacinamide
Technological Strengths of Pharmaceutical DepartmentThe following form the basis of the technological strengths of the Indian pharmaceutical industry: - 1. Self-reliance displayed by the production of 70% of bulk drugs and almost the entire requirement of formulations within the country 2. Low cost of production 3. Low R&D costs 4. Innovative Scientific manpower 5. Excellent and world-class national laboratories specialising in process development and development of cost effective technologies. 6. Increasing balance of trade in pharma sector 7. An efficient and cost effective source for procuring generic drugs especially the drugs going off patent in the next few years. 8. An excellent centre for clinical trials in view of the diversity in population.
About The Pharmaceutical IndustryThe Indian pharmaceutical industry has shown tremendous progress in terms of infrastructure development, technology base creation and a wide range of production. Even while undergoing restructuring, it has established its presence and determination to flourish in the changing environment. The industry now produces bulk drugs belonging to all major therapeutic groups. Strong scientific and technical manpower and pioneering work done in process development have contributed to this. The country ranks 4th worldwide accounting for 8% of world’s production by volume and 1.5% by value. It ranks 17th in terms of export value of bulk actives and dosage forms. Indian exports are destined to more than 200 countries around the globe including highly regulated markets of US, Europe, Japan and Australia. The country is also showing excellent performance on the export front. The exports during the last 2 years has been: (Rs. Crores) 2002-03 - 2003-04 - 2004-05 12837.89 - 15213.24 - 16681.14
Manufacturers of Major ChemicalsCAUSTIC SODA i.Century Rayon, Century Bhavan, Dr. Annie Besant Road, Mumbai - 400025. Soda Ash i. Saurashtra Chemicals Ltd., Birla Nagar, Porbandar-360576, Gujarat. Carbon Black i. Cabot Sanmar Ltd., 8, Cathedral Road, Channai-600086. Organic Chemicals i. Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers Company Ltd., P.O. Narmadanagar-392015, Distt. Bharuch, Gujarat. Pesticides i. Atul Ltd., Ashoka Chambers, Rasala Marg, Mithakhali Cross Road, Ellisbridge, Ahmedabad-380006, Gujarat. Dyes & Dye intermediates i. Colour-Chem Ltd., Ravindra Annexe, 194-Churchgate Reclamation, Mumbai-400020, Maharashtra.
Export & Import Policies 2004-2009 of Chemical DepartmentIn the export & import policy the following provisions have been made to facilitate exports. Various schemes are. A) Export Promotion Capital Goods (EPCG) Schemes wherein Capital Goods (CG) can be imported at 5% Customs Duty subject to an export obligation equivalent to 8 times of duty saved on CG imported to be fulfilled over a period of 8 years. The export obligation shall be fulfilled by the export of goods capable of being manufactured or produced by the use of the CG imported under the scheme. B) Export Oriented units: - Units undertaking to export their production of goods may set up units under Export Oriented Units (EOUs) Scheme. These units can sell products manufactured by them including scrap/waste/remnants arising out of production within the overall ceiling of 50% of FOB value of export in the Domestic Tariff Area(DTA) on payment of applicable duties. These units can import without payment of duty all types of goods, including capital goods, required for its activities as prescribed in the EXIM Policy. EOU unit shall be a positive Net Foreign Exchange Earner. Only projects having a minimum investment of Rs.1 crore in the plant and machinery shall be considered for establishment as EOUs under the scheme. Special Economic Zones: - SEZ is specifically delineated duty free enclave and shall be deemed to be foreign territory for the purposes of trade operations and duties and tariffs. Goods going into the SEZ area from DTA shall be treated as exports and goods coming from the SEZ area into DTA shall be treated as if these are being imported. SEZ units may sell goods, including by-products, in DTA in accordance with the import policy in force, on payment of applicable duty. C) Duty Exemption schemes enables duty free import of inputs which are physically incorporated in the export product and required for export production. Under this scheme, the exporters can take the advance license on self declaration scheme under Para 4.7 of Hand Book of procedures where Standard Input Output Norms (SION) do not exit in the EXIM Policy. The import of fuel is also allowed upto 4% of the fob value of export in case of Dyes & Dye intermediate & organic chemicals, upto 5% of fob value of exports of Pesticides (Technical)/ Pesticides formulation from basic stage and upto 3% of FOB value of exports of Inorganic Chemicals for neutralization of high fuel cost for export purposes DEPB/Draw Back rates DEPB/draw back rates may also be availed by the exporter as an alternate to advance license scheme. The objective of Duty Entitlement Pass book Scheme is to neutralize the incidence of basic customs duty and surcharge thereof on the import content of the export product. The duty credit under the scheme is calculated by considering the import content and value addition as per standard input/output norms. Project Import Under Chapter 98.01 of Customs Tariff Act, imports of capital goods are permitted at the rate of duty of 20%. The objective of the scheme is to encourage initial setting of a unit or substantial expansion of the existing unit. The provisions to permit import of CG is given below: “All items of machinery including prime movers, instruments, apparatus and appliances, control gear and transmission equipment, auxiliary equipment (including those required for research and development purposes, testing and quality control), as well as all components (whether finished or not) or raw-materials for the manufacture of the aforesaid items and their components, required for the initial setting up of a unit, or the substantial expansion of an existing unit, of a specified “Industrial Plant". Spare parts, raw materials or consumable stores which are essential for the maintenance of the plant are allowed up to 10% of the CIF value of the equipments".
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Policy: Chemical DepartmentThe procedure has been simplified for facilitating foreign direct investment. Most of the chemical items fall under the RBI automatic approval route for FDI/NRI/OCB investment up to 100% except the following: · Activities / items that require an industrial license · Proposals in which the foreign collaborator has previous / existing venture/tie up in India in the same or allied field. · All proposals relating to acquisition of shares in an existing Indian company by a foreign/NRI investor. · All proposals falling outside notified sectoral policy/caps or under sectors in which FDI is not permitted. For other industries, Government approval is accorded through Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB).
Industrial Policy of Chemicals and Petrochemicals DepartmentLICENSING POLICY A. The New Industrial Policy exempts all industrial undertakings from licensing requirements, subject to the following conditions. The proposed article(s) of manufacture is/are not included in: · List of items reserved for the public sector; · List of items which are subject to compulsory licensing; · List of items reserved for small-scale sector. B. Locational Policy: The proposed project should not be located within 25kms of the standard urban area limits of a city with a population of more than 10 lakhs according to 1991 census. These conditions will not apply for the units located within the area designated as ““Industrial Area” by the State Government before July 25, 1991. If the unit is proposed to be located in a restricted location, industrial licence need to be obtained. Following chemical items are subject to compulsory licensing: Hydro cyanic acid and its derivatives. Phosgene and its derivatives. Isocyanate and di-isocyanates of hydrocarbon not elsewhere specified.
About The Chemical DepartmentChemical industry is one of the oldest industries in India. It not only plays a crucial role in meeting the daily needs of the common man, but alsocontributes significantly towards industrial and economic growth of the nation. The industry, including petro-chemicals, and alcohol-based chemicals, has grown at a pace outperforming the overall growth of the industry. 2. The global chemical market is estimated at approximately USD 1.7 trillion. Western Europe is the largest chemical-producing region followed by North America and Asia. 3. The Indian Chemical Industry ranks 12th by volume in the world production of chemicals. The industry’s current turnover is about USD 30.8 billion which is 14% of the total manufacturing output of the country. The export of chemicals in the year 2002 was USD 5.875 billion, which forms almost 0.9 % of the world export of chemical products and about 13% of the country’s total export. Substantial proportion of these exports goes to the USA, Europe and other developed nations. Its contribution to the national revenue by way of custom and excise duties is about 20%. India is strong in basic chemicals that go into production of consumer items like paints, dyes, soaps, medicines, toiletries, cosmetics, etc. 4. The Indian Chemicals Industry comprises both small and large scale units. The fiscal concessions granted to small sector in mid-eighties led to establishment of large number of units in the Small Scale Industry (SSI) sector. Currently, the Indian Chemical Industry is in the midst of major restructuring and consolidation phase. With the shift in emphasis on productinnovation, brand building and environmental friendliness, this industry is increasingly moving towards greater customer-orientation. Even though India enjoys an abundant supply of basic raw materials, it will have to build upon technical services and marketing capabilities to face global competition and increase its share of exports. 5. In terms of consumption, the chemical industry is its own largest customer and accounts for approximately 33 per cent of the consumption. In most cases, basic chemicals undergo several processing stages to be converted into downstream chemicals. These in turn are used for industrial applications, agriculture, or directly for consumer markets. Industrial and agricultural uses of chemicals include auxiliary materials such as adhesives, unprocessed plastics, dyes and fertilizers, while uses within the consumer sector include pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, household products, paints, etc. 6. India also produces a large number of fine and speciality chemicals, which have very specific uses and are essential for increasing industrial production. These find wide usage as food additives, pigments, polymer additives, anti-oxidants in the rubber industry, etc. Some of the important manufacturers of speciality chemicals include NOCIL, Bayer (India), ICI (India), Hico Products and Colourchem. 7. The Dyestuff sector is one of the important segments of the chemicals industry in India, having forward and backward linkages with a variety of sectors like textiles, leather, paper, plastics, printing ink and foodstuffs. The textile industry accounts for the largest consumption of dyestuffs at nearly 80%. From being importers and distributors in the 1950’s, it has now emerged as a very strong industry and a major foreign exchange earner. India has emerged as a global supplier of dyestuff and dyes intermediates, particularly for reactive, acid, vat and direct dyes. As for a global production of dyes is concerned, India accounts for 6% of the world production. 8. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides played an important role in the “Green Revolution” during the 1960s and 1970s. The consumption of pesticides in India is low in comparison to other countries. Indian exports of agrochemicals have shown an impressive growth over the last five years. The key export destination markets are USA, UK, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, South Africa, Bangladesh, Malaysia and Singapore. 9. The Government is promoting research on the use of alternative and unharmful pesticides using neem seeds. A country programme entitled “Development and Production of Neem Products as Environment Friendly Pesticides” is being undertaken by the Department of Chemicals & Petrochemicals with the financial assistance of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)/ United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). The project is being implemented at two locations viz., Nimpith in West Bengal and Nagpur in Maharashtra to promote production, processing and use of neem-based products, thereby aiding wasteland development, generating rural employment and providing farmers with eco-friendly/bio-degradable pesticides.
About The Department of Chemicals and Petro-ChemicalsThe Department of Chemicals & Petro-Chemicals has been part of the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers from 5.7.1991. The Department is entrusted with the responsibility of policy, planning, development and regulation of Chemicals, Petrochemicals and Pharmaceuticals Industries. The business allocated to the Department is listed as below : 1. Insecticides [excluding the administration of Insecticides Act, 1968 (48 of 1968 ) ].
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