Central Government Departments
Achievements of Commisssion for Scientific and Technical TerminologyTerminology The Commisssion for Scientific and Technical Terminology (CSTT) has already evolved and published more than 6 lakhs terms belonging to all major university disciplines – sciences, social sciences, humaities, engineering, medicine, agriculture, etc. They are available in the form of subject-wise as well as comprehensive glossaries and in both orders English-Hindi and Hindi-English. The CSTT is presently engaged in evolving terminologies for the newly developed disciplines out of which terminologies for space science, computer science and steel and non-ferrous metallurgy, philosophy, mining engineering, printing technology have been recently published and work on information technology, natural disaster oceanography, glaciology, stock exchange, biotechnology, environmental engineering, literary criticism, film-television, esthatics, advertising, lather engineering, fisheries etc. are in progress. Besides these, terminology development in the subjects like Education, Phychology, Architecture, History, Climatology, Mathematics etc. are also in hand. With a view to promoting the use of Hindi in official transactions, a consolidated glossary of ‘Administrative Terms’ comprising 12,000 entries belonging to general administration and designations has been brought out and is being distributed free among the ministries, departments and public sector undertaking of the Government of India. It aims to facilitate uniform, universal acceptability and to provide standard vocabulary in use of office work. This glossary has been frequently revised and updated in its reprints. The glossary has been very well received and over three lakhs copies have so far been distributed. Definitional Dictionaries Scientific and technical terms are best understood in the context of their definitions and, therefore, CSTT has undertaken to produce definitional dictionaries in all subjects. So far as 55 definitional dictionaries have been published covering almost all basic sciences, social sciences, humanities and many specialize subject like Fluid Mechanics, Surgery, Electronics, Cartography, Journalism, Palaeobotany, Petrology, Structural Geology, Cell Biology etc. It is proposed to bring out two comprehensive definitional dictionaries of about 20,000 entries each one for science and the other for social sciences and humanities. Fundamental Glossaries The CSTT has started from 1994 to publish glossaries in the important branches of sciences and other subjects under the schemes of ‘Fundamental Glossary’ to fasten the usage of its established terminology to reach the desired levels. In such glossaries, the important and fundamental terms are included. Special care is taken to see that only such selected terms are included which are commonly used by graduate and post-graduate students, research scholars and teachers. CSTT has published fundamental glossaries of Geology, Geography, Mathematics, Computer Sciences, Physics etc. till date. These glossaries are distributed free at the time of workshops or otherwise on requests. It is hoped that this new compendium would be widely appreciated and prove useful. Departmental Glossaries In addition to technical terminology in Hindi of different subjects the Commission also undertakes evolution of Hindi equivalents of the technical terms particularly to the requests made by the Government departments. A number of such departmental glossaries have been published, which include Posts and Telegraph’s Glossary, Railway’s Glossary, Consolidated Defence Glossary, Revenue Glossary, Forestry Glossary, Gloosary of Health Physics and Radiological Protection and Glossaries of Aeronautics, Meteorology etc. The Commission has now finalized glossaries of technical terms pertaining to departments of Silk, Cotton, Coal, Electronics, Pension, Intelligence etc. Some of these have been published by the Commission while the others have been forwarded to concerned departments for publication at their end. Evolution of terminology pertaining to Telecommunication (15,000 words) has been completed recently. Technical terms are still received by the Commission from various departments, from time to time, for evolving their Hindi equivalents. Pan – India Terminology CSTT is working on a project of identifying technical terms which are commonly used in all modern Indian languages or can be acceptable to most of them. All-India Seminar of experts representing 11 Indian languages were organized to identify such terms. So far about 25,000 pan-Indian terms belonging to various discipline have been identified and published in the form of subject-wise glossaries for free distrituion among scholars, writers, translators, journalists etc. A consolidated glossary of these terms is in press for final printing. Production of University — Level Books The changeover of the media of instruction at university level is closely linked with the production of adequate number of quality books in various university subjects. With this object in view, the Central Govt. has made available Rs 1 crore to each of the 15 participating state which setup Hindi Granth Akademies and State Text-books Boards for implementing this scheme. The CSTT has been assigned the responsibility of co-ordinating and monitoring the progress of work of all these agencies. Under this programme, about 12,000 books in Hindi and other Indian languages have been published so far. Book production in agriculture, medicine and engineering is undertaken by the CSTT itself. Over 250 books in agriculture, 76 in Medicine and 90 in Engineering have so far been published. Readings, digests and Monographs In addition to the text-books, a number of other reference/supplementary material is necessary for teaching and study of subjects. For an in-depth study of subjects of advance learning as indicated in standard journals and reference literature, it is useful to make available to the students the relevant material on monograph, digests and readings etc. The CSTT commenced the work of preparation and publication of monographs, digests and reading in different subjects of humanities and sciences in 1980. So far, 16 monographs/readings and digest have been brought out by the Commission. Compilation of Common Medical terms and Phrases Doctors and para-medical staff normally face a lot of difficulty in conversing with the patients and clinical staff when they move to different language regions. To tide over this difficulty, at the instance of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the CSTT is bringing out a compilation of common medical expressions with their hindi equivalents as well as equivalents in all the four South Indian languages. Gujarati, Marathi, Orria, Bangla and Punjabi have also now been added to this project. The project is in an advanced stage of execution. Scholarly Journals With a view to helping evolution of an appropriate style of scientific wiriting in Hindi and to provide latest information relating to various fields of knowledge, the CSTT has stated publishing quarterly journal, “Vigyan Garima Sindhi". Its annual subscription is Rs 50/- for individuals and institutions and for students its Rs 30/- only. Publication of a similar quarterly jorunal, “Gyan Garima Sindhu” for social science subjects is on the schedule from Janaury, 2000. Computer-based national terminology Bank The CSTT is presently engaged in developing a computer-based National Terminology Data Bank for storing, co-ordinating and analyzing the entire scientific and technical terminology available in Hindi and other Indina languages. It will also help in identifying commonness of terms and linguistic features in Indian languages and facilitate instant dissemination of information regarding terminology in Indian languages. The Commission has set up a computer-based National Terminology Data Bank to modernize and maximize the process of presentation and publication of its huge corpus of terminology. This will be useful in making the terminology readily available to users. Till date the Commission has evolved about 6 lakhs terms and about 2.80 lakh terms have been fed in the data base of the computer, and the remaining ones are under process. This data-base of computerized terminology will enable the Commission to 1. feed and process new word entries in alphabetical order quickly. 2. modify, alter, add to or take away the word-entries, if required. 3. retrieve the Hindi equivalents of terms whenever needed. 4. obtain laser prints for printing the glossary within short period. 5. classify or group the word entries subject-wise or subject-group wise. 6. obtain English-Hindi or Hindi-English or diglot editions of the glossaries and 7. prepare the glossaries in the form of floppies/CD which will also be made available for sale in near future. 8. Customized RDBMS for National Terminology Data Bank. The Commission plans to bring its National Terminology Bank to the INTERNET service in the immediate future which would ensure ready availability of the technical Hindi equivalents to the user throughout the globe and as such all district/headquarters/centres through NICNET in India. In the next phase of terminological work, technical terms evolved in all other Indian languages shall also be fed along with English-Hindi and Hindi-English versions of Hindi terminology to ensure easy availability of equivalents in Hindi, regional languages and pan-Indian terms to all users. Workshop on Technical Terminology The technical terminology evolved by the Commission is ultimately aimed for use in teaching at unversity level. Thus, one of the main schemes of the Commission is ensure use of its terminology in all text-books and its adoption by translators, authors, students and teachers through workshops on technical terminologies. The Commission conducts such workshops in various subjects at different universities and higher technical institutes. In these workshops, the faculty of the Commission as well as various scholars, experts, lingusits and terminologists enunciate the perspectives, principles and modalities of terminology of the concerned subjects. They interact with the teachers, scientists, authors and translators participating in the workshops. Generally two to three subjects are taken up in each workshops. These have been immensely popular and rewarding in as much as these provide a testing field for use and acceptability of the terminology evolved by the Commission. The authenticity of the terminology is intensively debated, explained and affirmed to the participant – teachers, motivating them to use the standard technical terms in Hindi in their teaching and adopting Hindi as medium of instruction. They become aware of desirability of using uniform usage of Hindi terms for scientific concepts – as multiplicity of words for the same concept creates confusion and complication. The deliberations in the workshops, sometimes, also lead to modification of the Hindi terms. The Commission has so far organized about 300 workshops at different places, where more than 5,000 participants have undergone orientation training in terminology, original writing and translation etc. The Commission also organizes workshops on terminology of other Indian languages as proposed by Text-books Bopards in non-Hindi speaking states. Such a workshop was orgnaized in May, 1999 at Manipur University, Imphal for promoting the cause of terminology building in Manipuri language. Such workshops are planned in North-eastern States and Goa in the year 2000 to faster the work of terminology building in Nepali, Assamees and Kokani languages. Book Exhibitions and sale The CSTT organizes book exhibitions from time to time in which publication of the CSTT as well as those of the various Hindi Granth Academies are displayed. Sale of these books is also undertaken during the exhibitions. There are also regular Sale Centre in the CSTT. These are also available for sale at the office of the Controller of Publication, Govt. of India, Civil Lines, Delhi–110 006.
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